Method and means for supplying fuel to hydrocarbon engines



Feb. 15 1 927.

J. Er ARNOLD METHOD AND MEANS FOR SUPPLYJINQFUBL To HYDRCQARBQN sneiuasFiled e plm-izL 1 3 Shuts-Sheet 1 INYENTUEE I @AITIZZENEY.

Patent ed Feb. 15, 1927.

un ao. STATES, PATENT OFFICE.

. JAMEs EARL ARNOLD, or GnoToN, oonNEoTIcUT, Assrenonor ONE-HALF ToFania PARKER CARR, or BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

METHOD Ann MEANS Fen iurrmrme FUEL To nYnnocARBon ENGINES; l

Application filed September17,1924. Serial No. 738,307,

My invention has reference to an improve ment in hydrocarbon engines andmore particularly to an improvement in method and means for supplyingfuel such as oil, to 5 Diesel engines.

In a four cylinderDiesel engineas hereto-' fo're constructed, it isnecessary to have-fuel measuring-pumps and comparatively-large highpressure air" compressors for forcing air to the oil Sprayers at apressure :Qf six hundred to one thousand pounds"pressure per squareinch. .Such air compressors are complicated in construction, expensiveto manufacture and they have to be'constantly watched when in operation.as they are liable to get out of order easily. in the usual form ofDiesel ,engine having four cylinders, one or more high pressure aircompressorsand four measuring oil pumps, one for each cyl:

inder, are used and in an eight cylinder .Diesel engine, two or morehigh pressure air compressors and eight measuring oil pumps,- one foreaehcylinder, are used. The 'air pressure from "such air compressors isuneven therefore the oil is sprayed into the engine cylinders at adiminishing pressure.

A Diesel engine. unit including highpres.

sure air compressors and fuel measuring pumps and costing. approximatelytwo hundred and fifty thoi sand dollars, the cost of the high pressurean compressors approx-.

imately one third the cost of the entire engine pumps is extremely high.j The' object of my invention-is to improve the method and means forsupplying fuel, such as oil. to hydrocarbon engines,.such as Dieselengines, whereby approximately one third of the cost of .such engineunits, as heretofore constructed, is eliminated,

unit and the cost of the fuel measuring Another. object of my inventionis to chm-- inate the heretofore necessary, comparatively. large andexpensive high pressure air com pressors, thereby measurably reducingthe.

cost of manufacturing such engine units.

Another object ofmy invention is to provide a hydrocarbon engine, suchas a Diesel engine, with a method and means ofinjecting gine at auniform pressure. I

A further object of my invention is to improve the means for thecylinders of. Diesel engines.

My improved method of injecting oil into plying fuel to. h

and spraying oil into the cvlindersioffthe enspraying oil into- 5 "thecylinder of a hydrocarbon engine, such of the engine cylinder, when thepiston is on 0 its compression stroke, for injecting the oilinto thecompressor chamber of the engine.

In carrying my improved method of supydrocarbo'n engines into practice Ifind that it may be used successfully with any form of a hydrocarbonengine, but that it'is particularly adaptedfor injecting and spraying-'oil into the cylinders of the formof hydrocarbon engines known asDiesel engines. Y

My invention consists in theepe culiar andnovel method and constructionof the means for supplying fuel, such as oil to hydrocarbon engines,such as Diesel engines, said means having details of constructiom'aswill be more fully set forth hereinafter and claimed. h 3 Figure l-istatop plan view'of a" cylinder to the compression chamber of the engine.Figure 21s an enlarged detall'vertical sec- -tional view showing a.portion of'the-cylinder head and the location of my improved sprayerjfor spraying oil into the compression chamber of the engine.

I Figure 3 is an enlarged top plan'view of my improved. sprayer. e

F 'gure 4 is a central vertical sectional view taken on line 4, 4, ofFigure 1, through v the upper portion ofthe cylinder, piston,"

cylinder head and my improved means for injecting and spraying oilintothe'compreslsion chamber of the engine.

Figure .5 is a 'v'ertical sectional ;view of myimproved fuel measuringand injecting pump showing the operating parts in the positiontheywouldassumeat the end of drawing the required a'mount'of oil into the pumpand i i Figure 6 is a ftfftlcal sectiona l view of the pump similar-,-to Figure '5 showing the operating parts in the position they wouldassume atthe end of injecting theloil into' the. compression chamber ofthe engine.

In the drawings 7 indicates the upper portion of the cylinder'of-aDiesel engine and 8. my improved means for supplying fuel of the engine.

to the compression chamber of the cylinder 7 I erated bythe usual airintake. valve the cylinder 7 :1s the usualcompression chamber C. Inthecylinder head 11 I form an oil center vertical compressed airport 14 anda central'vertical oil My improved. means for imecting and spraying oilof the engine cylinder is a complete unit, ope for eachcylinder of theengine and cons sts essentially of my improved oilmeasuring Figure 4.

into the plunger governor .and injecting pump 16, 'oil spraying device17, compressed air pump controlling valve 18 and piping 19 whichoperatively connects the valve 18 with the pump 16, as shown .111

My improved oil' measuring-hurl injecting pump 16 consists of'acylindrical body member 20 having a pistonchamber 21 from which'is anair vent 22'and which is closed at its upper end by a screw-ring 23 andto this screw-ring 23- is operatively connected this end of the piping19. Belowthe pistonchamber 21 is a-sprmg chamber-24 and in the side ofthe body member 20 is a vertical slot25 connecting; with thespring-chamber 24. Extending downwards from the spring:-

. chamber 24 is a plunger bore 26 which con nects at-its lower end to atransverse oil duct 27 A transverse partition 28 forms the bottom of thepiston-chamber 21 and the top of the spring-chamber 24. In thepistonchamber 21 is a 'piston" 29' having a stem 30 which extendsdownwards through the partition 28 and on'th lower end of the stem 30 isa plunger 31 which extends downwards bore 26. Connected. to the stem 30is a controlling arm 32 which extends outward-through the slot 25 and isoperatively connected to the throttle and mechanism of. the enaine. not

shown. On the stem 30 and intermediate 5-0 the partition 28 and thecontrolling arm 32 is a coiled spring 33 and on the stem 30 andintermediate the'gcontrolling arm bottom34 of the spring chamher 24 is acoiled spring v35. Extending in from the side of and adjacent the lowerend of the .body member 20 is a transverse oil inlet duct 36 "to whichis connected a gravity oil pipe 37..which comes from a sauceof-oilsuppliedby-gravity. not-shown. This transverse oil inlet duct 36connects with a ver-' tical inlet oil duct 38 having a valve seat 39cont-rolled byfa spring operated ball valve 40 and the lower 'end of theoil inlet duct 38 is closed by a screw-plug, 41 which also. holds theball valve in place.- Ext'endin rin from the oppositeside of andadjacent the 121- and exhaust valve" 13; as indicated inbroken lines inFigure. '1 Insprayrng .port lo l 32 and the.

heivyrae :transvcrse oil duct 27. and having avalve Iseat 43 controlledby a splring operated ball. valve44 and the outercnd of the oil outletduct 42 is closed by a screw-plug 45, which also holds the ball valve inplace. Connectinn with the transverse oil-outlet duct 42 is ai verticaloil outlet duct 46 to which is connected an oiloutlet pipe 47 asshowni'u Figmes. 5. and- 6.

ind-device 17,'as shown in Figures 2 '49 is a pipe'boss ,51 to which thelower end of the oil pipe 47 is secured by screwing it into the-pipeboss, as shown in Figure 2. The body of the plug 48 is constructed tohave an oil inlet port 52 forming a con- 'tinuation of? the pipe 47 andthis oil inlet port 52 merges intoan enlarged circular oil outlet port53 in which is an inwardly formed projecting portion 54 having a centralvertical screw-threaded hole A truncated conc shaped sprayer head 56 isconstructcdto have a series of curved oil spraying grooves 57, 57, asshown in Figures 2 and 3 anda central stem 58, the upper end of whichscrews into the screwsthreaded- 20 is a'trans v The otherend of the oiloutlet pipe 47 is connected to theoil spray-" and-4 into the compressionchamber and which will .be described hereinafter.

15 in the cylinder hole 55, as shown in Figure 2, thereby secu'ring" thesprayer head 56 in place.

'Thepump controlling-valve 18 is in the form of a rotary ing a flangedbase 60- secured to the cylinder head 11,' by bolts 61, 61 and a flangedupper end 62. The base 60 has an inlet air .port 68 opening into thecompressed air port 14 'in the cylinder head 11, and the upper end 62has alrair outlet port 64 opening into this end of the piping flangedpipe boss 65 which inturn is secured to the flanged uppenend '62 of thevalve casing 59. as shown in Figure-4. The rotary part 66 of the valvehas a transverse .air port 67 which coincides with the air ports (33 and64-, when the valve is in its open po-.

sition. This rotary. part 66, of the valve is formed a part of ahorizontal valve shaft valve in a casing 59 havlit) 19 which is securedto a with allof the pump controlling, valves, one v v for; eachcylinder. This valve shaft 68 is operatively connected to thecrank-shaft of the engine means, not shown,- and the valve or valves byany well known mechanical- -are timed to open, as willbe herei-nafter.,,

i exnlained.

' The piping 19 operativelyconnects the I jacket, not shown.

the pump piston29 to pump and inject the oiled springs required amountof oil. The c 33 and assisting in holding'the piston as willbchereinafter explained. r On the suction stroke of the piston 9,-ai rthrough the air inlet valve lQ. 'The pump controlling valve 18 is nowopen and-thissuction stroke of the engine piston draws. air from. thepump piston chamber 21 63 and 14 and moves the pump piston29 and plunger31 niivai'ds.

ment of the plunger 31 opens the-ball valve 40,'as shown in Figu1e5,'and draws into'the pump. below the plunger, 31, therequired an'lountof oil, through the oil ducts-36,38 and 27. The ball valve now assumesits closed position; as shown in Figure g It will be noticed in Figures5 and 6 tha i 35 the end area of the pump piston-29' is greatly inexcess of the end area of [the pump plunger 31; f p,

.On the compression stroke of the engine one thousand pounds pressuretothe inch. On this compression stroke of the-engine 'piston the pumpcontrolling valve 18 istimed' to open seven degrees before fil'iing 5top center and holds in the open, position to forty two degrees pastfiring top center. The

".pwa'rds'j compressed air .is now forced "through the airports 14, 6.and iping 19, forcing thepum'p piston 29 and plunger '70 '31 downwards,the aiiflunder the pump-pis I ton :29 escaping through the air vent Thisdownward movement of thefplung'er' 31 opens the ball valve l l iandforces the oil," I: at a greatly increased pressure, through the oil inthe form of a finesprayinto the com-1 pression chamber Got the engine.The oil truncated cone shaped spraying head 56 and entering thecurvedoil spraying grooves 51', 5,7,1is given a -Whirling motion,thereby greatly increasingthe fine spray ofthe oil. The above operationsare-repeatedin each four cycle operation of the engine.

29in the required position. The pump con-s. trolling valve IS-istimed toopen and close,

is drawn, into the compression chamber Cf through the piping 19 and airports 67,.

This upward move3 piston, air is compressed in the compression chamber Cto a pressure of six hundred to square oil ducts 27and 46'andpipe' 47,andthrough i the oil spraying device 17, which spraysthe under greatpressure strikes againstthef 'In the use otmy improved method ofSupplying -such as oi1, to hydrocarbon engines, I do not confine myselfto the Inc-- chanical means shown in connection with. a

Dieselqengine, as such mechanical means would necessarily vary orbemod1fied'f0r different kinds and makes of "hydrocarbon engines.

Having thus described; my invention I claim as new 1. In. a hydrocarbonengine, means open ated by compressed air from the compression chamberor the engine, to pump and inject oil into the compression chamber ofthe en gine, said means consisting of an oil measura body,in which is apiston chamber, a spring chamber,

'ing andinjecting pump havin aplunger bore, oil inlet ducts controlledbv ayball'va-lve', .oil outlet ducts. controlled by I a ball valve,apiston in the pistonchamber and having a stem, a plunger on the stem"and in the plunger bore, coiled springs on -the stem, in the springchamber, means for operatively connecting the piston chamber with thecompression chamber of the engine,

' means for operatively connecting the oil outlet ductsfiwith thecompression chamber of the engine, means for operatlvelyjconnect ing theoil. inlet duets with a source of oil supply and'means comprising acontrolling arm intermediate the coiled sprlngs for operativelyconnecting the piston stem with the throttle and governor mechanism ofthe engine;

.2. 'In"'a hyrocarbon engine, the combina-- tion of. the followinginstrumentalit ies, an engine cylinder having a piston, acompressionchamber and a cylinder head having'an outlet air port and aninlet oil spraying poi'i', a valve connected with the outlet airport, anoil spraying device in the inlet oil-spraying port-{ an oil measuringand injecting pump, having pistons, a piston stem, coiled springs on thepiston stem and operatively connected .with the oil spraying device,

a, controlling arm intermediate the coiled springs on the piston stem,means for operat vely connecting the valve with the oil measuring and 1nect1ng pump, means for operatively connecting the oil measuring andinjecting-pump with an engine throttle and governor mechanlsm and meansfor operatively connecting theoil measuring and 1nje'cting pump with asource of oil supply tor the purpose as described.

3,.'Ahydrocarbon engine having a cylinder, a piston in" .the cylindeig acompression chamber in the. cylinder, aninlet port,"an 'outletport, anoil measuring and 1n ect1ng pump; having large and'small pistonchambers, a piston stem in the-small piston chamher and forming asmallpiston, a large piston on' the piston stemin the large p stonchamber, anabutment in the large plston chamber,-a coiled spring on thepiston stem and engaging the abutment, acoiled spring on the piston sten engaging the opposite end of the large piston chamber, a control lingarmlnterlnediate the coiled springs and extending outwards through anopening in the pump, a valve controlled Oll duct extendmg 1nt0 the smallp1stonv chamber, a valve controlled outlet duct from the small pistonehamber, a pipe connecting the outlet duct 10 with the inlet port Oftheengine, va pipe hamber'of the pump, said the force of compression fromthe compression chamber of the engine to the large pls- 'ton, chamber ofthe pump, for the purpose as described.

v In testimony whereof, I have signed my named to this specification. Y

JAMES EARL nRiIo D,

